Art Critique

Patricia Gelin I. DoctoleroMarch 6, 2013 E-1R Mater Dolorosa By Simon Dela Rosa Flores (Critique Paper) The artwork entitled Mater Dolorosa that is painted using oil by Simon Dela Rosa Flores on a canvas (104 x 73. 5 cm). Simon Flores is known for his religious paintings that were commissioned by wealthy families and parish churches. The date of the painting when it was created was not known. I. INTERPRETATION When I first saw the painting, I thought of a mother thinking about her son/daughter.The children behind the mother and staring at her were her guardian angels that help, comfort and guide her to pray for her son/daughter. I think that the son/daughter has been a problem to his/her mother and has been gone for a long time. As a result, she has been waiting for him/her to come back to her care and she has been grieving, longing for them to be with her. The guardian angels are staying by the side of mother to be calm and tell her trust God to do the rest for her. The painting giv es a feeling to me that are serene and sad, but full of hope and trust in God that He will help her to bring back her child. Also read this  Critique of Stuff Is Not SalvationIn a way, I can also remember my own mother in the painting that always takes care of me and is always worried whenever I am not by her side. I chose this artwork because of all, I value most my family and God. This painting gives it all to me and reflects true emotions that a mother must feel whenever she is sad, longing for her child to come back to her. Many stories can be associated with this painting. Another story that I can also relate to the painting is the mother’s child has been dead and still the mother cannot accept the fact that her child was already gone.II. RESEARCH PART (Artwork Interpretation by Artist) The interpretation of Simon Dela Rosa Flores of his artwork entitled Mater Dolorosa was really what the painting wants to tell the viewers. He said that it was his own version of grieving mother with long wavy hair against a dark blue and white tunic that symbolizes the emotions that the mother feels like sad and anxious. The hands of the mother were clasped close to her heart to reflect grief. Her facial expressions were very passive and troubled.The children that are behind the mother were cherubs that are guiding the mother in times of he sorrow. III. ELEMENTS OF ART USED The elements of art that were used by Simon dela Rosa Flores were color and value. The colors that were used, symbolized the emotions and feelings that was felt by the mother in the painting like the dark blue for sorrow and the white tunic for hope and also for faith in God. The cherub’s color depicts guidance and also light from them. Value is also used in a way that the painting has its cultural value especially for Filipinos.It is also because of the deep meaning behind the painting of the grieving mother. IV. SOCIO-HISTORICAL CONTEXT ON ART AND SOCIETY Simon dela Rosa Flores is known in his time in devoting his art to religious views, wealthy and famous people. He likes making portraits of people and most of his paintings includes use of oil in a canvas. One of his religious paintings is the Mater Dolorosa which is close to his mother and child and San Roque but instead of the child there where cherubs. Mater Dolorosa means grieving mother in Spanish.Many versions of this painting were done specially on the Spanish times. Hs painting started in the 19th century where the illustrados saw the rise of art of painting. The illustrados contracted painters to make portrait of themselves to document and for others to see their new found wealth and social status. One of the painters who are appointed is no other than Simon Flores. He painted jewelry, fashion accessories, minuet details of embroidered clothes and religious patrons. From there, he started painting religious figures and even rich families became his focus. Art Critique Patricia Gelin I. DoctoleroMarch 6, 2013 E-1R Mater Dolorosa By Simon Dela Rosa Flores (Critique Paper) The artwork entitled Mater Dolorosa that is painted using oil by Simon Dela Rosa Flores on a canvas (104 x 73. 5 cm). Simon Flores is known for his religious paintings that were commissioned by wealthy families and parish churches. The date of the painting when it was created was not known. I. INTERPRETATION When I first saw the painting, I thought of a mother thinking about her son/daughter.The children behind the mother and staring at her were her guardian angels that help, comfort and guide her to pray for her son/daughter. I think that the son/daughter has been a problem to his/her mother and has been gone for a long time. As a result, she has been waiting for him/her to come back to her care and she has been grieving, longing for them to be with her. The guardian angels are staying by the side of mother to be calm and tell her trust God to do the rest for her. The painting giv es a feeling to me that are serene and sad, but full of hope and trust in God that He will help her to bring back her child. Also read this  Critique of Stuff Is Not SalvationIn a way, I can also remember my own mother in the painting that always takes care of me and is always worried whenever I am not by her side. I chose this artwork because of all, I value most my family and God. This painting gives it all to me and reflects true emotions that a mother must feel whenever she is sad, longing for her child to come back to her. Many stories can be associated with this painting. Another story that I can also relate to the painting is the mother’s child has been dead and still the mother cannot accept the fact that her child was already gone.II. RESEARCH PART (Artwork Interpretation by Artist) The interpretation of Simon Dela Rosa Flores of his artwork entitled Mater Dolorosa was really what the painting wants to tell the viewers. He said that it was his own version of grieving mother with long wavy hair against a dark blue and white tunic that symbolizes the emotions that the mother feels like sad and anxious. The hands of the mother were clasped close to her heart to reflect grief. Her facial expressions were very passive and troubled.The children that are behind the mother were cherubs that are guiding the mother in times of he sorrow. III. ELEMENTS OF ART USED The elements of art that were used by Simon dela Rosa Flores were color and value. The colors that were used, symbolized the emotions and feelings that was felt by the mother in the painting like the dark blue for sorrow and the white tunic for hope and also for faith in God. The cherub’s color depicts guidance and also light from them. Value is also used in a way that the painting has its cultural value especially for Filipinos.It is also because of the deep meaning behind the painting of the grieving mother. IV. SOCIO-HISTORICAL CONTEXT ON ART AND SOCIETY Simon dela Rosa Flores is known in his time in devoting his art to religious views, wealthy and famous people. He likes making portraits of people and most of his paintings includes use of oil in a canvas. One of his religious paintings is the Mater Dolorosa which is close to his mother and child and San Roque but instead of the child there where cherubs. Mater Dolorosa means grieving mother in Spanish.Many versions of this painting were done specially on the Spanish times. Hs painting started in the 19th century where the illustrados saw the rise of art of painting. The illustrados contracted painters to make portrait of themselves to document and for others to see their new found wealth and social status. One of the painters who are appointed is no other than Simon Flores. He painted jewelry, fashion accessories, minuet details of embroidered clothes and religious patrons. From there, he started painting religious figures and even rich families became his focus.

Race and Ethnicity Essay

Throughout the course of this twisted Monopoly, many themes and stereotypes arose to become apparent. However the two main themes that I observed were gender biases and stereotypes involving race and inequality. These two themes became apparent through the traits and personality the players began demonstrating as the game went on. It was obvious that the blue male (which would represent a white male in real life) became greedy and aggressive as he was set up to be successful and of course was. You then see how player three and five become unsuccessful because of how the game is set up. This represents the stereotype of a woman who is considered an inferior. As the game went on these players were very cautious of every decision they made because it was made obvious that each one was indeed very critical to any success they strived to achieve. By the end of the game it was extremely apparent to everyone that certain opportunities were given to certain people in the game. This basically made it impossible for them to lose this game. This theme however then transfers to reality in that the stereo typical white male will usually be given a much better opportunity then say an African American female. The two articles that I chose reflects the two themes of race and gender stereo types and how they correspond with success or opportunities. In the first article, Workplace Gender Bias: Not Just between Strangers, they discuss how there is â€Å"substantial inequalities between genders in the modern workplace and the evidence for stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. † They then also discuss how this concept can then be applied to race or age minorities as well. The article also explains the significant difference in that studies show that there are gender differences in career choices, salary, harassment, etc. This directly relates to our theme in our game in that the money and income the blue male (which represented a white male) was much greater than that of the red female (who could represent a female minority). In addition, the article explains how many women â€Å"face significant challenges in career advancement,† and â€Å"Women are more likely to self-select into less prestigious and lower paying careers compared to men (Konrad, 2003). † There were many similarities between this article and our monopoly game in that stereo types and feminization of women occur and are apparent in real life just like our game. It is similar in that just like how the article describes and how it is true in society, women are treated as inferior in our game. Because in society women are stereotyped and made the inferior. Like in the game, in real life a women of a minority will struggle so much more to become successful making every decision critical because of the way they are viewed in society. It is also relative in that this is to be true not only for just women, but for race and other minorities of society as well. In society and in the game, these people are not given as good of opportunities as the superior and it is much more difficult to succeed. There is a direct correlation between what is described in the article and what happened in the game. In conclusion, this article relates to one of the themes of our game in that there is gender inequality in reality and the male is more likely to succeed with a higher income and greater opportunity. Within the second article, Racial Mismatch in the Classroom: Beyond Black-White Differences, demonstrates our theme of race inequality. The main point the article is trying to show is that research shows that when the teacher is of the same race or ethnicity of the student, they receive more positive and helpful instruction than if the student is of a different race or ethnicity of the teacher. The research and analysis was mostly based on black and white subjects however. This article not only can relate to just race, but also class, gender, background, IQ, and other factors like we would see in our game. The second article directly corresponds with our game and our other theme in that people of different race are given different opportunity to succeed in life quite often and are stereotyped as well. We see that a white student with a white teacher would be getting a 1 / 2.better education which then sets them up in that they are more likely to succeed in life than the black student. In our game we see that the player who represents our white male is set up to succeed, while our player who represents a minority is set up to fail. This is similar to our game because certain people would work well together and bargain, while some people were just cast aside or not even given the opportunity to bargain because of the unfortunate circumstances they were under. Both of these articles relate to our game in that they represent the opportunities and stereo types of  not only race and class, but gender as well. These stereotypes are also apparent and can be true in reality also. So we see that the changes made in our monopoly game, and the articles found, directly relate to real life and how society works. Although it may be harsh, it is true and can be proven by not many studies and articles, but our twisted monopoly game as well that certain people (like the white male) are going to succeed much more often than someone like a black female. There are these stereotypes because in reality a majority of people fit into them. They fit into them not in the way people normally believe they do, but because society and the superior have created them. That then changes the opportunities in life and the circumstances in which they are under. Works Cited Nadler, J. T. , & Stockdale, M. S. (2012). Workplace Gender Bias: Not Just Between Strangers. North American Journal Of Psychology, 14(2), 281-291. McGrady, P. B. , & Reynolds, J. R. (2013). Racial Mismatch in the Classroom: Beyond Black- white Differences. Sociology Of Education, 86(1), 3-17. doi:10. 1177/0038040712444857 POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

Crisis Communication Essay

A crisis is any event that triggers a level of public interest and media inquiry that requires a significant increase in staffing and/or resources to make a reasonable media response. Crises include such things as disease outbreaks, disasters and other health matters. Crises also may include fires, breakdowns in communications, disruptions in services and even rumors. A major example in the one focusing on the San Fransisco Bay which was struck by an earthquake. This was referred to as the Loma Prieta earthquake. It was measuring 6. 9 on the moment magnitude scale. It lasted approximately 15 seconds. This quake injured 3,757 people, left more than 12,000 people homeless and killed 67 people throughout northern California (Betteke Van Ruler, Dejan Vercis, 2004). A crisis situation is defined as any situation or event identified that has a major impact on the community. This plan describes the role of the Office of Public Relations (PR) in collecting and conveying information to the public during or immediately following a crisis or emergency situation. Risk communications can be viewed from two major aspects. First, they may be viewed from public relations profession as its subspecialty and are designed to perform various disciplines among them protecting and defending an individual, an organization facing public challenge in regards to its reputation, or even a company at large. Some of these challenges will mainly come from government agencies as investigations, media inquiries and violation of environmental regulations, criminal allegations, or financial, ethical or legal standing of the entity. Reputation of an organization is always held as its most important or rather valuable asset. Incase of any attack that comes as a threat to a company’s reputation, then protection and defense must be valued as the highest priority. In the current world, 21st century, technology has permitted access to a news cycle that will operate 24 hours, and is also full of investigations from the government. Some other sources of information will include parliamentary hearings,†gotcha’journalism and lawsuits. The result of these is that the media might decide to quickly overwhelm the capability of an entity to effectively respond to the demand of a crisis. For an organization to maintain its reputation therefore, it must watch clearly every move and respond effectively and timely with much confidence. Such moves by a company call for more than just the typical skills from the profession of public relations. It requires keen experience from fields such as politics and investigative reporting. Also, crisis communication can be done through research of compelling statements. The capability of a rapid response entails an essential element during crisis communication. Additional tactics applied may include; recruitment of third party allies who are capable and credible, and will give the good side of the company’s story. The company or organization might also decide to create procreative media that will outreach to get message and also context to the media. One of the major tactics of these is the tradition of striking first and not waiting to be hit. It is important to note that there is need for development of a crisis communication plan, need for creation of a crisis management team team and a crisis communication team that inclusive of the spokesperson James (E. Lukaszewski, 2005). The crisis management team may consist of the library leader and the main librarians and its staff the trustee’s representatives as well as the so called volunteers’ representatives. Communication is also important when designing the management team as well as the legal counsel. Ensure that you are ready to get in touch with the key friends and those directly involved with the library. The communication goals should be set in advance. These must be the goal s that is achievable. These goals must greatly contribute to the ending of the crisis at hand, be able to protect the library picture to the public, minimize tension, show commitment and willingness to meet the values and pass a clear message to the public to maintain good flow of information (Alison Asbury, Ros Jay, 2001). The primary objectives that should be kept in mind for an effective crisis communication solution strategy include a quick, effective, and efficient response. The following are the main objectives that I would wish to discuss in my communication crisis plan: 1. To maintain connectivity 2. To streamline communication process 3. To ensure uninterrupted audit trials 4. To allow distributed access Creating awareness to the community about the ongoing crisis has in the modern world grown significantly. Introduced regulations and standards require high levels of resilience through all aspects of operations within an organization. A good organization therefore must seek effective solutions that will allow them to prepare, plan and test their ability in communication when a crisis strikes. For effective communication, the following key drivers should be kept in mind: ? Protection of relationships ? Strengthening competitive advantage ? Reducing the operating risk and potential losses ? Assuring that there is regulatory compliance. ? Meeting community responsibilities. ? Deterring terrorism When preparing the plan, keep in mind that the business at risk may continue normally or may reach a situation where you will not be able to access all the tools that you used to perform your work. Therefore, your risk communication kit should have the capability of giving a picture of normality as much as possible in situations that are abnormal. It should therefore include all the information such as the computer files, the disks, graphics, and photos among others. The kit should include a list of those in the crisis management team, contact information of the spokes persons, main officers, those involved in the management team. It should also have important fact sheets of the organization, the entire physical location, each division and all the products that it deals with. The profiles and biographies for the main managers in camera and on disk should be made available in crisis kit (Mathew W. Seeger, Timothy L. Sellow, Robert R. Ulmer, 2003). The kit should have in formation on the copies o f the organization, product logos, scanned signatures workers on disk and the press format as well. The scripts that have been prewritten answering the main questions that have been gathered through the scenario of the crisis should also be made available in the kit. Finally, the contact information for all the main media both locally and internationally should be availed in the kit and if in position include the major financial press and analysts. Crisis mobile is a feature of communication that provides levels of communication that is unprecedented . It ensures communication is always on and always available. It also allows instant multichanneled communications from any communication device. This feature also simplifies processes to save time, therefore reducing costs and mitigating optional risks. When a situation arises, you not only have to be prepared to act swiftly, you also have to make timely and informed decisions. That’s why beyond email, voice communications and organizer applications, an organized streamline communication process for the Public Sector allow mobile access to case files and associated records, emergency operating procedures, alert notifications and incident reports – all at the point of need (Brent W. Ritchie, Darly Adair, 2004). The secret to an effective risk communication is to be ready before the crisis occurs. That is, be ready for any emergency. Therefore you will have little time to plan for the direction to take rather than thinking then, which might lead to making wrong decisions. There, to handle any crisis, there must be a proper crisis plan to facilitate it. A perfect risk communication relies on the available systems in that particular place. According to Fitzwater, one should tighten a crisis that is available and make it better. This is not the time to design a system that is ne2w since it won’t be of any help. At this time, one should to be forthcoming and trustworthy at the same time work to facilitate stories. In the presence of a crisis, try to put together all the major players into a common place and get the correct information. One should not give information of which he is not sure about or give what he thinks is right. This may be reported as rumors. Before a crisis, ensure that trustworthy is maintained as well as credible relationships with the part concerned that is the media as they will be no suspicion and they will cooperate as you handle the crisis. Those in charge of crisis management should have a chance of collecting information on the issues that are troublesome (Ricardo Tartaglia, 2005). After gathering the information, they should evaluate, get detailed data on them and look for ways of communicating to prevent their course. Train the chosen spokespersons in handling the media and ensure that you have the target, the message and important media outlets that could be used in different crisis plans. During a crisis, make efforts to reach the word of the press lest they find it through different means. Let the entire public be aware that you are dealing with the problem at hand. Avoid speculations and give information that you know instead (Dan Pyle Millar, Robert Lawrence Health, 2003). With up-to-date information right at their fingertips, the appropriate people coercive proactive notification of evolving situations, verify the issues with colleagues and take action quickly before they escalate into more serious problems. At times when making informed decisions has never been more important, you can be assured of streamline communication for the Public Sector features, the same proven technology used by the world’s leading enterprises to improve their responsiveness (W. Timothy Coombs, 2007). In a world that is as fast-paced as it is unpredictable, it’s more important than ever to find ways to keep all branches of the organization on top of the most current and critical information to continue delivering top notch service to public constituents. After all, things can change in an instant. And we’re living in a time when instant just isn’t fast enough. It goes without saying that there’s no higher priority during emergencies than protecting public safety while minimizing loss of life and property damage. The truth is, you have to be innovative if you want to stay ahead. And ideally, that means making sure everyone in the public sector from executives and officials to legislators – are always connected to the information, communications and applications they need (Dan Pyle Millar, Robert Lawrence Health, 2003). Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) have come out as the technology that ensures secure remote access. VPNs is clientless. This type of sourcing gives access to security breaches in a company. When a user connects to the VPN, after valid authentication, he/she gets access to applications and resources for which he/she has access priviledges. Since VPNs work at the application layer hence there is no direct connection to the network, the users will only connect to resources. VPNs also facilitate fionel grained access controls so the entire data stream is encrypted by a security protocol for the internet traffic. With this, remote access for communication continuity achieves the following: Secure connections for employees to corporate data and applications and, importantly, only to approved resources based on policy. Access controls in VPNs let the right people in and keep the wrong ones out, which is critical during a disaster event. Business as usual for customers, suppliers, and partners, even if their own operations are disrupted and they must get access from remote locations. IT departments can handle other problems during a disaster recovery without having to manage an influx of calls from users or troubleshoot an inefficient remote access system. There is compliance to regulatory requirements, as VPNs provides continuous monitoring, auditing, and data privacy under a business continuity scenario. For compliance regulations such as Sarbanes-Oxley, HIPAA or Gramm- Leach-Bliley. Data Protection mandates stiff protection of personal data for companies. Information Protection Act, which applies strict regulations to government or private entities that collect, handle, or use personal information. Block remote connections from untrusted systems that could infect the corporate network with harmful computer viruses or other malicious software. Keep mission-critical applications available such as CRM, ERP, and e-mail applications. Newer applications, such as voice over Internet protocol and Web conferencing, may also become more important during a disaster due to potential telephone service outages and your increased need to stay in touch with customers. Accommodate a spike in network traffic resulting from an emergency. Just as many people call to check on friends or family who may be in harm’s way, a disaster may cause customers, partners, and suppliers to seek assurance that their business will not be disrupted by a disaster event. Scalability matters (Robert R. Ulmer, Timothy L. Sell now, Mathew W. Seeger, 2007). Plan ahead to ensure remote access doesn’t crash due to high demand. After the crisis has been handled, inform all the individuals involved of the lesson learnt making the review of the important steps taken and look for failures to be corrected. Give credit to any good efforts made and ensure that proper documentation is done. Always, be ready to be part of the decision making process as you seek to get a solution. Be honest in whatever that you handle or any informationthatn you deliver or receive (J A. Cappy Surrette, 2003). Be ready always because you never know what is on the way coming. REFERENCES Robert R. Ulmer, Timothy L. Sell now, Mathew W. Seeger (2007) Effective Crisis Communication: Moving fro Crisis to Opportunity. SAGE, ISBN142914183 Dan Pyle Millar, Robert Lawrence Health (2003) Responding to Crisis: A Rhetorical Approach to Crisis Communication. Lawrence Associates, ISBN0805840605 W. Timothy Coombs (2007). Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, managing, and Responding. SAGE Publication, ISBN1412949920. Mathew W. Seeger, Timothy L. Sellow, Robert R. Ulmer (2003). Communication and Organizational Crisis. Greenwood Publishers, ISBN0763747769 Ricardo Tartaglia (2005). Healthcare Systems Ergonomics and Patient Safety. Taylor and Francis, ISBN041537782. Brent W. Ritchie, Darly Adair (2004). Interrelationships, Impacts and issues ISBN1873150652 Betteke Van Ruler, Dejan Vercis (2004). Public Relation and Communication Management in Europe. Walter de Gruyter, ISBN3110176114 Alison Asbury, Ros Jay (2001). Quick Answers to Marketing Questions. Prentice Hall, ISBN07273653253. James E. Lukaszewski (2005). Crisis Communication Plan Components and Models: Crisis Communication. Lukaszewski Group, ISBN1883291402. J A Cappy Surrette (2003). The USS Greenville Collision: A discussion of Crisis Communication

Childhood Protection and Child Rights; Lex ferenda; Breaking the Cycle Essay

Childhood Protection and Child Rights; Lex ferenda; Breaking the Cycle of Violence within the Child Phd Thesis - Essay Example According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there is no one "official" definition of mental health. To define Mental Health academicians rely on various theories from cultural differences, subjective assessments, and competing professional.1 This research project has sought its backing in principles of child psychology. By matching and comparing the definition of a â€Å"child† in law and psychology, one realise the emerging truth of a lack of understanding in law-making, judiciary and legal pronouncements as to concepts, such as child vulnerability, child needs, and child resilience. In concrete words, what changes for a child who has been victim of sexual violence? What changes for a child who is working day and night in a factory? What changes for a child who is living on the streets? What changes for a child arrested? What changes for a child beaten up by police? Well, the first and foremost change is at the level of mental health. The way she thinks, the way she fee ls. Mental health of children is an important aspect of child-right study discourse. Through the understanding, one can assure the child is able to ‘bounce back’ and recover from a difficult situation. What is important to realise is that the mental health promotion dealt with in this research is actually a promotion and prevention in the aftermath of a severe incident or process, in the child’s life. These are the promotion of a child’s special needs, and the prevention of long-term violent impacts on the society. The later chapters deal with the reactions and risks of un-dealt trauma, and societal progress linked to the wellbeing of its children. The research study does not per se differentiate between categories of children. The categories presented here are neither exhaustive nor exclusive. Mostly vulnerable children fall into many of the categories. For instance, street children can also be child labourers, and sexually abused. My

Johnny cupcakes entrepreneur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Johnny cupcakes entrepreneur - Essay Example Having never attended any school or classes for Marketing, graphics or design and art, the brand was a result of hard work and innovations. Having been nick named as Johnny cupcake, Johnny come late and Johnny cheesecakes when he worked for a company in Massachusetts. It was the t- shirts he designed with the crossbones and a skull silhouette that made him famous. The actual creativity came in when Johnny replaced the skull with the cupcake had that made his motif on the shirts so intriguing to people. The shirts came in demand when co workers and colleagues questioned him each time he wore them. This originally started in 2001. From his interviews to High school students, lectures to numerous colleges and his tours to institutes like MassArt and cities across America,w e find out that he started young , passionate and obsessed with the idea to bring out something new and fun filled. His vision to be unique and different from other top clothing brands in America is seen in his bakery themed shops and flagship boutiques in Massachusetts. And his desire to attract his customers, like children were fantasized by Willy Wonka’s chocolate factory is what sets him and his journey apart from other entrepreneurs in America. According to Earle, he would have made a lot of money had he started young when he was in school just from the essential and golden guidance from his teachers and instructors but that was not the case. Earle also admits that he can save a lot of money by not insisting on having his shops and outlets of Johnny Cupcakes be inspired by bakery items, colors, scents and designs. However, Earle focuses on his goal of providing a unique experience to his customers, mostly kids and the youth. For Earle, it is essential to do what one loves and not worry about making one. The true spirit of work is when one can do what most affectionately inspires and attracts them. For Johnny Earle, dreams become reality when individuals venture down

The Mountain Meadows Massacre Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

The Mountain Meadows Massacre - Research Paper Example The Mountain Meadows massacre was a microcosm for what was happening in America during this time. Since the time of colonial America, the citizens believed that they had a right to take up arms and take the law into their hands as a protest against unjust conditions. This was known as the â€Å"right of the riot† . This belief led to many riots, against negros, Catholics, and anti-abolitionists, as well as riots concerning labor and elections. This was a time of mob rule, where individuals took up arms to put down anybody they did not like, and lax law enforcement enabled this to occur . It was this mentality that led not only to the massacre itself, but to the persecutions that the Mormons faced that made up the justification for the massacres. In the weeks leading up to the massacre, there were a great deal of events that occurred. On July 24, 1857, the Mormons were celebrating Pioneer Day, with speeches and cannon salutes and â€Å"three groans† for the state of Miss ouri . The â€Å"three groans† was a reference to the state of Missouri and how they treated the Mormons – threatening them, subjecting them to rape and beatings, stripping them of their land, imprisoning Smith, and forcing them to leave the state.

Plan of action - Maria Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Plan of action - Maria - Term Paper Example The scenario under consideration with Maria has caused a great deal of worry for the company because the point that is being raised by her is not essentially true. One shall believe that this is simply not the case here. This can be proven by the explanations given by the company because it believes very staunchly at how things could be corrected within Maria’s folds and what weaknesses have already been existent of late. Since she believes that she is being hard done by because of her Latin ancestry and that she is from a totally different race altogether, she has made up her mind in a very negative way. She must understand that this is simply not the case and the company asks of her to bring out something totally distinctive and diverse (Gregory 2003). The basic element of shortcoming within her professional undertaking is when she communicates with people, and this is quite visibly something to ponder deep into. Since she cannot communicate with people around her and her ac cent is not deciphered by people easily, she is being seen as someone who is hard to come by within the relevant scheme of things. This is indeed a very genuine reasoning that the company can give in its own defense, as the perception created by Maria is not acceptable at all.Maria has misunderstood things here. She has put the blame upon the company on a totally different tangent altogether. There is no reason why she should be blaming the company for her poor communication skills and traits that she has been displaying over a period of time. She believes that she is being maltreated as there is a bias within the company but this is not something that has been pondered upon deeply by the people who are sitting within the helm of affairs in the company. Maria must know that any company within the business world exists to satisfy not only the customers but its internal publics as well, which comprise of its own employees who are the most prized possessions that these companies can ev er have. When Maria says that the company is treating her in a shabby way, it is the bias which is reflected in her understanding and not the way in which work gets done within the domains of the organization in the long run (Kim 2002). What the company has to do in such a setting is to make Maria realize that she is in the wrong, and that she shall have to be treated fairly no matter what happens. However at the present, Maria has become disgruntled because she believes that she is being hard done by due to her color and Latin ancestry. The scenario could be avoided if the company took a more proactive approach and told Maria where she was lacking before announcing the promotions for the employees. This could have made the entire effort look genuine and there would not have been any resentment whatsoever. One shall see that Maria has had quite a number of problems in her capacity as an employee working for this company. She has been known to have a very difficult to understand acce nt where people ask her time and again as to what she really means. Apart from this, she is known to be one person who is quite often late and had tardiness issues. She also seems a bit loud and is aggressive on most of the occasions. This has made the task of Maria even more difficult because she does not believe that she is doing anything wrong. However, on the part of the company, there has been a mistake that they did not tell Maria beforehand where she was going wrong, and what she needed to do to set things right within her related domains. Due to her acrimonious activities within the company, she has not been considered for promotion which is indeed reflective of the company policy when it comes to promoting people every now and then. However this is

Documentary Expression and Thirties America Essay

Documentary Expression and Thirties America - Essay Example In the thirties the style of social documentary became popular, and was described as increasing the knowledge of public facts while sharpening it with feeling. Two notable exponents of this style were considered, both of whom employed the presentation of dramatic, and sometimes over emphasized, photographs accompanied by a written commentary. The distinction between art and photography and whether or not documentary expression owed its genesis from fiction or non-fiction was also explored. Finally the matter of ethics in the treatment and presentation of documentary imagery was discussed. Documentary Expression 3 Documentary Expression and Thirties America William Stott in his book Documentary Expression and Thirties America covers an enormous range of topics and much of it is in a highly discursive and rambling style. However, it is possible to subdivide it into four principal themes: Documentary, The Documentary Motive and the Thirties, The Documentary Nonfiction of the Thirties, a nd Let Us Now Praise Famous Men. First of all it is necessary to understand what he means by the documentary style. In its simplest form there are two possibilities: â€Å"an honest and reasonably objective report, or a case for the prosecution† (Stott, 1986). ... It was also held that such a documentary style did not rely upon information so much as â€Å"the power to move.† Stott suggests that while the purpose is to encourage social improvement – public education at its most altruistic – reality is more cynical in that its real purpose is to shape attitudes towards certain public facts. An example of this type of â€Å"expose journalism’ is to use a public figure or authority’s quotation to mean something else. For example, the head of the US Red Cross stated categorically, in answer to innocent sounding questions, that Red Cross personnel were noncombatants. He was unable to defend this stance when faced with the fact that when called up for military service these individuals were obliged to take the oath, Documentary Expression 4 imposed by Congress, requiring them to obey military regulations and act as combatants. Two contrasting examples of the documentary style in thirties America are contained in t he works of Bourke-White & Caldwell and Agee & Evans. In both cases one of the authors writes the commentary and the other provides a series of generally highly dramatic â€Å"propaganda† pictures. The question now arises, was the documentary style in the thirties; found in fiction and non-fiction, and in art and photography. The reverse of the former was really true; both fiction and non-fiction of the time owed something to the documentary style. Fiction was full of ‘real people’ and many writers tried to introduce social issues. The social documentary style was devised to give a sense of urgency to the representation of life as it was: reality with drama and a sharp tug at the emotions. In the case of non-fiction the genre usually relied upon simple issues:

Paper Cash vs. Accrual Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paper Cash vs. Accrual Accounting - Essay Example Only cash payments and cash receipts are recorded. The two methods are similar in the sense that their balance sheets include both liabilities and assets. The cash accounting is common among small business owners. For businesses that record annual sales of more than five million dollars or keep an inventory of items they to sell to the public, the accrual method is prescribed (Pinson, 2007). It is easier to grasp the principles of cash accounting as compared to accruals accounting. It is also cheaper to hire accountants for cash accounting as opposed to the accruals method. In planning tax, the cash accounting is preferable by businesses because they are taxed basing on their present cash flow and not accounts receivables (Pinson, 2007). Question Two The benefit of the accrual method is that it is good at matching expenses and revenues. This method also presents a more accurate status of a company’s financial position since its financial statements are more detailed (Bragg, 20 10). The balance sheets also contain more entries because they list non cash entries too. However, the disadvantage is that it is poor at keeping track of cash. Since revenues are recorded when a business transaction takes place, the business statement will indicate that revenue is generated even without the bank account having money. The situation is more made complex by slow paying clients. The accruals method is tedious in the amount of work needed to acquire data. It also needs more resources to operate (Bragg, 2010). Conversely, the benefit of the cash accounting method is that it is good at tracking cash flow. It is also easier to work on data and produce statements in the cash accounting. However, its disadvantage is that it is poor at matching money put out for expenses with earned revenues (Bragg, 2010). This situation poses a difficulty when a company buys items in one month and sells them in a different month. For example, a business buys an item in January intending to s ell it then later pay USD 100 in cash. However, it is sold in February at USD 150 and the cash is also received in February. At the end of January when the books were closed, the USD 100 had to be reflected, although there was no revenue to match it, hence, indicating a loss. February will, therefore, indicate USD 150 as profit, yet the true profit is USD 50. Question Three Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) prescribe the accruals method as opposed to the cash method because accruals method conforms to recognition of revenue, cost and match principles (Pinson, 2007). The accruals method is also practical because it captures financial implications of economic activities in the accounting periods they occur, whether cash is received or not. Accruals method is also the method of choice for GAAP because of the accuracy of its financial reporting in complex business transactions. The accruals method acknowledges that projects and credit sales impact a business’ financ ial status at their time of occurrence, hence the need to reflect such transactions on the financial statements of same period within which they take place. The accruals method recognizes a sale when a client takes up ownership of a product or a service is delivered and increases the company’s revenue at that time even if cash is not yet the account (Pinson, 2007). Question Four The United States Federal

Business Ethics and dilemma Essay Example for Free

Business Ethics and dilemma Essay 1. Review the assigned readings from the text and article by Carroll (1991). 2. Prepare a 3- to 5-page paper titled, Corporate Social Responsibility. 3. Reflect upon your text readings from Chapters 1 and 9 with a focus on the following core concepts: Organizational Social Responsibility (Chapters 1 and 9) The Ethical Decision-making Process (Chapter 1) Corporate Reputation (Chapter 9) The Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid (Chapter 9) The Importance of Trust (Chapter 9) The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility (article by Carroll and Chapter 9) 4. Read The Merck and River Blindness Case at the end of Chapter 9 of your text. 5. Compose your paper in Microsoft Word. Include your name, the assignment name and number, the course and section number, and the date on your title page. Follow APA guidelines for formatting and citations.. NOTE: Your paper must meet the minimum requirements as outlined in the section of Weekly Written Assignments of the Assignment Guidelines and the grading criteria of this assignment. You are to provide a minimum of 2-3 references in your work. For this assignment, use of general google.com or Internet search references is not acceptable. Use the university librarys scholarly databases. 6. Respond to each of the following questions and statements: Stakeholders: Produce a list of all key stakeholders that you perceive to have a bona fide interest in the Merck companys dilemma. Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid: Frame the Merck companys ethical dilemma within the Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid. E.g. State briefly the key economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities. As a focal point, compare and contrast the economic implications against the ethical and philanthropic considerations. Organizational Values: State briefly and specifically whether the decision to a) proceed with the drug project or b) not to proceed with the drug development best fits with the companys declared organizational values and its principles of profitability. Stakeholder Impact and Trust: If the drug development failed and cost hundreds of millions of dollars, would that harm to the company and its stakeholders be justifiable? If Merck decided not to pursue development of the new drug, what implications do you see this having for stakeholder relations such as the scientists who desire the development. E.g. Is this a trust and leadership consideration? Final Decision: If you were the CEO of Merck and the final decision on this risky new drug development was yours, what would you do and why? Justify your decision. Using Carrolls theory, are you comfortable stating your opinion to the board of trustees, employees, and media? NOTE: Since this is an actual, real-life case, your focus should be on producing creative and new thinking that applies the ethical concepts to the material. Also, include an introduction and conclusion in your paper. You are encouraged to use the headings above in Action Item 7 in your paper for organizational purposes. 7. Submit your paper to Turnitin.com. NOTE: Turnitin.com is used by Franklin University to assist students in detecting plagiarism. Turnitin generates a report within minutes of submitting your paper. Your results will not be e-mailed to you; you must login to review your results. Submitting a paper ahead of an assignment deadline provides you with the opportunity to take action if you need to rewrite any part of the paper. Your professor will provide you with a class ID and password as an e-mail or a Class Communication object. Submission Instructions By Sunday, upload your paper using the Submit tool. Grading Criteria Content and focus: Response addressed the question(s) posed in a logical, cohesive manner: 0 35 points Analysis and critical thinking: Writing illustrates higher order critical thinking, analysis, synthesis, and/or evaluation: 0 35 points Writing style, grammar, sentence structure: Sentences are consistently clear, concise, well written; grammar and punctuation are correct: 0 15 points APA and research: Correct use of APA style in body of paper and appropriately references the text and/or other research sources: 0 15 points

Static And Dynamic Cmos Cascode Voltage Switch Logic Circuits Computer Science Essay

Static And Dynamic Cmos Cascode Voltage Switch Logic Circuits Computer Science Essay This paper presents a dual rail logic network based static and dynamic CMOS cascode voltage switch logic (CVSL) circuits for improving the functional efficiency and low power consumption. The logic design strategic is achieved in CVSL by cascading differential pairs of FET devices are capable of processing Boolean functions up to (2N-1) input variables within a single circuit delay. Potentially CVSL is twice as dense as primitive NAND/NOR logic, and is compatible with existing design automation tools and relieving the device/process complexity burden for CVSL designs. Significant performance and density improvements with simultaneous reduction in power consumption have been investigated using cadence-90 nm technology. The power requirements for the static and dynamic cascode voltage switch logic circuits are compared Index Terms- cascode voltage switch logic (CVSL), Dual rail logic, CMOS VLSI circuit, cadence tools INTRODUCTION In recent years, most of the digital systems are static complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) due to their robust design nature which can implement reliable circuits with excellent noise margin. However, the demand for high-performance digital systems requires continuously faster CMOS circuit speed. Dynamic circuits are proven to have better circuit performance. But unfortunately, these dynamic design styles suffer from charge sharing, low noise margin, complexity of design, and difficulty in testing. Recently, several researchers have attempted to use pass-gate logic style to realize static and high performance designs in different digital systems [1-2]. Pass-gate logics gain their speed over the traditional static CMOS design due to their high logic functionality and reduction in the number of pFET transistors. However, the degradation of pull-up performance for the pass-gate design in the long circuit chain is the major obstacle for most designers to use. Recently, CMOS c ircuit design technique based cascode voltage switch logic (CVSL) is proposed with numerous advantages over the conventional static CMOS [3]. The domino CMOS, NORA and pseudo-NMOS technique is only effective in non-complementary logic circuits and it cannot apply directly to complementary logic functions. But, CVSL circuits can be applied to complementary logic families. Potential advantages include reduced circuit delay, higher layout density, lower power consumption and extended logic flexibility [4]. CVSL have been used to implement high-performance arithmetic circuits such as fast multiplications, ROM, RAM as well as pipelined DSP circuits. CVSL is very suitable for asynchronous designs when logic works at that time only the clocks are running; remaining time is off. This reduces power consumption, especially for large and complex circuits [5]. Dual rail logic network families are becoming increasingly important for advanced technologies because of the very small amount of charge required to hold a logic state. The cascode-voltage-switch logic gates are evaluated for improved the functional efficiency using 90 nm and 65 nm technology CMOS processes [6]. This paper describes dual rail logic network based static and dynamic CMOS cascode voltage switch logic (CVSL) circuits for improving the functional efficiency and power reduction. Significant performance and density improvements with simultaneous reduction in power consumption have been investigated using cadence. The power requirements for the static and dynamic are CVSL compared. design of CMOS CVSL circuit Cascode voltage switch logic is a dual-rail logic family. The dual-rail logic based differential CVSL gates are provides the potential of having high fan-in which leads to a reduction in logic depth, high speed, and the capability of generating completion signals for asynchronous operations. A) Dual rail Logic concept: The dual rail logic structure is consists of two-pFET are cross-coupled to form a simple latch that provides complementary outputs and; the latch is driven by an nFET network that can be viewed as two complementary switching functions. The dual rail logic circuits are more complex than single rail logic circuit, but the dual rail circuit can be faster than single rail circuit [6]. VDD 0 to1 swing 0 (a) Switching waveform for single rail logic VDD 0 to1 swing 0 (a) Switching waveform for dual rail logic Fig 1 Switching action for single and dual rail network The slew rate is simply the rate of change of the output voltage in time. A large slew rate implies a fast switching speed. In case of single rail circuit is generated output, but dual rail logic circuit, both and are generate as output of the gates that is shown in Fig 1. The logic variable is taken to be the difference signalthat effective of slew rate is defines as This illustrate that dual rail circuit intrinsically exhibits faster switching speed than single rail network. In practical the dual rail logic has some problems; increased circuit complexity, increased interconnects required in the layout and timing issues become critical. These problems have been investigated in this static and dynamic differential cascode voltage switch logic circuits. B) Static CVSL: Static differential cascode switch logic circuits usually consist of a push-pull load by pFET and a pair of interrelated (requiring both true and complement signals) binary decision trees by nFET. The Differential CVSL tree is properly designed into two ways, such that: (1) When the input vector is the true of the switching function, that node is disconnected from ground and node is connected to ground by a unique conducting path through the tree. (2) When the input vector is false of, the reverse holds. The logic trees may be further minimized from the full differential form using logic minimization algorithms. This version, which might be termed a static CVSL gate, is lower than a conventional complementary gate employing a p-tree and n-tree. This because switching action, the p pull-ups have to fight the n pull-down trees. VDD pFET Latch pFET2 pFET1 nFET Logic Array Fig 3 Static CMOS CVSL gate circuit A design procedure for differential CVSL circuits using the pictorial nature of the Karnaugh map is proposed. A CMOS cell designed with this procedure is compared with the corresponding gate logic design. A CVSL circuit of the Boolean function is given by that is shown in Fig 2. Note that only 12 transistors are required for this differential CVSL circuit design, two p-transistors and ten n-transistors instead of 10 p-transistors and 10 n-transistors using a NAND-NAND configuration or conventional gate logic design. The transistor pFET latching circuit is consists of two stable states. The conductions of the source-gate voltage on the devices are given as The behavior of the latches is that and is andare voltage complements in this circuit, so one is high while other is low. The latching is induced by nFET switching network, which biases pFET1 into conduction from that time With pFET1 conducting, rises to, which drives pFET2 into cutoff from that time This represents one stable state of the latch. The voltage is pulled to, which gives and biases pFET2 into conduction and pFET1 into cutoff. From this principle, there is no direct path for current flow from to ground for either situation, so that only leakage currents exist. C) Dynamic CVSL: The static CVSL logic gate can be transformed into dynamic circuit by rewiring the pFET latch to the clock-driven arrangement, shown in Fig 3. This eliminates the feedback loop and changes the two-pFET into precharge devices that are controlled by the clock. When the value of clock is zero, drives both pFET into conduction mode that result is precharging of the output nodes. To avoid DC-current flow during this event, an evaluation nFET is controlled by the clock, so it is OFF during the precharge time. VDD nFET Combinational network Differential Inputs Clock Clock (precharge) pFET1 pFET2 Fig 3 Basic structure of a dynamic CVSL gate circuit The precharge clock is zero at event, which allows the voltages across both and to precharge to value of When the clock change to the value is one, the circuit is driven into the evaluation phase. nFET is ON and the input signals are valid. For the case true signals switch is open and is held high while complementary switch is closed and discharges to; The output voltages are initially complementary. However, the left output voltage is subject to the usual dynamic problems of charge sharing and charge leakage, which reduces its value in time. As with all dynamic logic circuits, this gives rise to a minimum clock frequency. The pFET charge is controlled by the output states and. This dynamic cascade switch logic circuit allows with small aspect ratio for charge compensation without excessive current flowing onto the node. Simulation result and analysis The performance of the static and dynamic cascode voltage switch logic circuits designed and evaluated through cadence-gpdk90 nm technology. The static CMOS cell designed CVSL circuit of the Boolean function is given by. The differential input signals A, B, C, D, and E and also complementary input signals are applied to the pull-down (nFET network) network of the circuit. The transient response voltage is set as 1 V with 0.1 ns rise/fall time. The cross-coupled latch is provides complementary outputs and that is shown in Fig 4 A B C D E Q Fig 4 Simulation waveforms for static CVSL circuit Clock A B C D Q Fig 5 Simulation waveforms for dynamic CVSL circuit The dynamic CMOS cell designed CVSL circuit of the Boolean function is given byas a four XOR gate implementation. This is just two-domino gates operating on true and complement inputs with a minimized logic tree. The transient response voltage is set as 1 V with 0.1 ns rise/fall time. The cross-coupled latch is provides complementary outputs and that is shown in Fig 5 The static and dynamic CVSL circuits power consumption is calculated and given in table 1 Table 1 Static and dynamic CVSL Power consumption CMOS Logic Power consumption Static CVSL 166 uW Dynamic CVSL 224 uW Conclusions This paper implements a dual rail logic circuit design technique for CMOS differential cascade voltage switch circuits. This CVSL gates facilitates that improving the functional efficiency and low power consumption. The static and dynamic CMOS differential CVSL circuits have been investigated using cadence-gpdk90 nm technology.

Business Use of Media in Crisis Management

Business Use of Media in Crisis Management 1 – Introduction 2 – Why business should engage with media during crisis? 3 – What strategies are successful during crisis? 4 – Recent new stories 4.1 – Barilla Pasta 4.2 – Costa Concordia Cruise 5 – Conclusion REFERENCES: BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1 – Introduction Organizations have always lived crises, some economic, others policies, more common administrative and internal, although many of them without if it is aware. Currently, the speed with which information is sent and received and with the development of the media, much of the attention is focused on organizations and their actions because the population is perceived as an integral part of the social process that organizations develop. Crises are not merely problems or conflicts that happen daily in organizations. Crisis is an event that involves failure, which generates general distress and affects relationships. It is a fact that happens suddenly threatening the organizational image, business and may result in large financial losses. In this essay, it will be discussed why it is important for business to engage with the media during crisis. Next the strategies that are successful in public relations for businesses during such times will be explored. In the end, two recent news stories which centred on crisis for different business will be commented. 2 – Why business should engage with media during crisis A significant threat to the business that can impact negatively if not controlled is considered crisis. The threat can have negative consequences for the organization, for the industry and for the stakeholders in general. Three related threats are created by the crisis: the safety of the public, the financial loss, and reputation damage. For example, flight and industrial accidents can have serious injuries and deaths as well. Financial loss can be created due to the operations break causing a decrease in the market share or due to the decreased in purchase intention (Coombs, 2007). Dilenschneider (2000) stated that all crises will affect the company’s reputation to some extent. When a company faces a crisis, the management have to do and say something to the public. This is called crisis response. In this case the Public Relations (PR) has an important duty by helping the organization to reach the public with its message. The response needs to be very quick, accurate and consistent. According to Fearn-Banks (2011) an organization has to prove to its customer and to the general public as well that the negative image is not a fact. Therefore, it is really important that the business engage with the media during a crisis as soon as possible. The media is the best way to reach a wide variety of public and stakeholders very fast. The message spread out quickly and to a great amount of people. Probably some non-targets will receive the message; however, the most important is the speed and reach of the message. According to Dolphin (1998) a good message sent to the stakeholders can create an opportunity to make the organization’s image better. Even in a bad disaster a good message has a beneficial effect. It is also important for the business to engage with the media because when a company respond to the stakeholders about what happened it is a way of improve the corporate image and create a relationship with them. The best way to explain the crisis is using the media engagement (Barton, 2001). Besides, the engagement with the media can show that the organization is responsible and is trying to do the best for those who have been affected. The message has to be accurate and consistent in order to improve the corporate image. 3 – What strategies are successful during crisis? A great number of researchers have studied public relation strategies for business during crisis time in order to improve the organization’s image. As a result of this research it was developed a list of reputation repair strategies. The person who contribute more in order to determine the reputation strategies were Benoit (1997). From a great different number of researches which showed a matter for reputation strategies, Benoit evaluate and combine all of them (Combs 2007). With the work of Benoit and others, Coombs (2007) created a list of reputations repair strategies integrating all writings. Coombs stated that the reputation repair strategy can change in terms of how to help the victims and more than the organization interest. The list of reputation repair strategy is composed with ten strategies for crisis communication. Those strategies were divided in primary and secondary crisis response strategies. The primary has three main topics: Deny crisis response strategy, Diminish crisis response and Rebuild crisis response strategy. The secondary has one main topic: Bolstering crisis response strategies. The table 1 below show the strategies. Table 1: Crisis response strategies – Coombs (2007) In order to assess the reputational problem of a crisis, managers should follow a process based in two steps. The first one is to define the crisis type considering the way that the media and stakeholders are describing the crisis. Coombs and Holladay (2002) create a list of crises types according to the threat each one offer. See the table 2 below. Table 2: Crisis types by crisis clusters – Coombs and Holladay (2002) The second one is to inspect the previous reputation and important point of crisis history. In case of the organization had a negative reputation before, the threat can be enhanced. Reputation is considered an important asset for the company and it is very valuable and very important to protect. A crisis can probably affect the reputation with the negative word-of-mouth and it will decrease purchase intention. However, the reputation strategies will assist to reduce this probability (Coombs 2007). 4 – Recent new stories Several recent new stories which centred on a crisis for different businesses can be used as an example to highlight the communications strategy. Two recent new stories will be analysed. The first one is about the Barilla Pasta and its chairman, Guido Barilla, for his antigay comments. The second one is about the Costa Concordia Cruise and its captain, Schettino, for do not follow the navigation system causing a serious accident. 4.1 – Barilla Pasta The crisis started in September 2013. Having said that gay couples never will do advertising campaigns for Barilla, the president of the Italian pasta maker, Guido Barilla, apologized through media. The announcement was made after the statement had negative repercussions around the world and netizens started a campaign to boycott the products of the brand on social networks. The crisis type of the action taken by Guido Barilla can be classified as organizational misdeed management misconduct. According with the table 2 seen before, this crisis type is considered a preventable cluster because in that situation the organization knew that was taking an inappropriate action. Of course all the disorder could have been avoided if Barilla had not made the statement to the Italian radio La Zanzara. However, since a problem of this nature occurs, there are ways of minimizing the impact. The company took a primary crisis response strategy. The rebuild crisis response, apology, was used to indicate that the organization takes the full responsibility and ask stakeholders for forgiveness. Barilla was quick to respond to the crisis. The company post press releases on their official website and a video apology on company Facebook page. The retraction and apology from Barilla represent fundamental attitudes. It was necessary that he said he was not well understood and acknowledge the mistake. These cases it is important to accept the error and enhance the brand does not want to leave a bad image. The speed with which the message of the President of Barilla was posted on Twitter less than 24 hours after his interview with radio was another point where the company did the right thing. Have chosen Facebook and Twitter to rule was also a hit from the company. This is because the message first came to followers of the brand, which were probably inside the controversy. Knowing where relaying retraction is essential. It has to be directed to the right people, because they take it to those who still do not even know of the incident, will only arouse the curiosity of those people to the fact. The chairman also met some different LGBT organizations to apologize once again. In general, the crisis situation was well controlled by the organization. 4.2 – Costa Concordia Cruise In the year of 2012, on the night of January 13, a disaster occurred with one of the Costa Concordia cruise ship in Italy. It hit a rock and started to sink with 3,206 passengers and 1,023 crew on board. The commandant was Captain Schettino and the cruise was supposed to travel around the Mediterranean sea, including ports of Savona, Marseille, Barcelona, Palma, Cagliara, and Palermo. They are not absolutely sure that the Captain has not followed the navigation system. However, they assure that if this task was followed it would show clearly the dangerous that they were approaching. Schettino said â€Å"I have to take responsibility for the fact that I made a judgment error. This time I ordered the turn too late.† Then, at 22:54 on that night, the captain gave the order to the crew and passengers to abandon the ship. This tragedy was classified, by the Costa Concordia Full Investigation Report, as a very serious accident with dead or missing of 32 people. Also more 157 were injured, and from this number 20 were admitted to the hospital. In addition at the end they had total loss of the ship. With regard of the classification of the type of this crisis, it can be said that is a Human error accident (see table 2). This identification came, because as said before if the captain had followed the navigation system accordingly, this tragedy could be avoided. Also they said that the procedure to abandon the ship did not follow the Decision Support System and the â€Å"general emergency† alarm was given late. The company took a primary crisis response strategy. The rebuild crisis response, compensation, was used to offers money or other gifts to victims. Under these circumstances, after 5 days of the accident, the company’s CEO tweeted : I gave my personal assurance that we will take care of each every one of our guests, crew and their families. And some days after the CEO gave to the passengers that were on board, a 30% of discount on future trip cruises with the company. In addition, neither the CEO nor the Costa executives appeared in the pear of Giglio, the place where the ship sank, to speak with the survivors or to check the situation directly. In conclusion it can be said that the company Carnival did not know how to deal with the Concordia ship accident. As can be expected the physical appearance of corporate executives at the scene of the occurrence can be considerable significant. Also such attitude is crucial to prove the corporationsinvolvement and benevolence toward the victims. 5 – Conclusion To conclude, organizations have always faced a crisis. Sometimes economic, others policies or more common administrative and internal. Crisis is an event that disrupts the relationship and the normal business activities resulting in financial losses. Business has to engage with media very quickly because it is the best way to reach a wide variety of public and stakeholders very fast and it is the way of improve the corporate image and create a positive relationship with the stakeholders. Business has to identify the crisis type and after choose one of the several crisis response strategies that are successful in public relations to handle with the crisis. Two recent stories were presented. The first one, the Barilla Pasta, was an example of a well-managed crisis communication. The organization took some action very fast and before the first 24 hours. The organization apologized in different communication channels. The chairman made a video apologizing and also met some LGBT organizations to apologize once again. On the other hand, the second one, the Costa Concordia Cruise, was an example of not well managed crisis communication. The organization just took some action on tweeter 5 days after the accident. The CEO had the courage to offer 30% of discount for a future trip. Anyone from the organization, neither the CEO appeared in the place where the ship sank to check the situation directly. REFERENCES: Barton, L. (2001). Crisis in organizations ll. Cincinnati. 2th edition. Benoit, W. L. (1997). Image Repair Discourse and Crisis Communication. Public relations review. Coombs, W. T. (2007). Crisis Management and Communications: http://www.instituteforpr.org/topics/crisis-management-and-communications/ Coombs, W. T. (2007). Protecting Organization Reputation During a Crisis: The development and application of situational crisis communication theory. Corporate Reputation Review. http://www.palgrave-journals.com/crr/journal/v10/n3/full/1550049a.html Coombs, W. T. and Holladay, S.J. (2002). Helping Crisis Managers Protect Reputational Assets: Initial tests of the situational crisis communication theory. Management Communication Quarterly Dolphin, R. R. (1998). Fundamentals of Corporate Communications. Butterworth-Heinemann. Oxford. Dilenschneider, R. L. (2000). The Corporate Communication Bible: Everything you need to know to become a public relations expert. New Millennium. Fearn-Banks, K. (2011). Crisis Communication: A Casebook Approach. Routledge, New York, 4th edition. BIBLIOGRAPHY: For the recent new stories Barilla Pasta http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-10-07/barilla-in-hot-water-offers-a-lesson-in-reputation-management http://www.queerty.com/barilla-chairman-meets-with-lgbt-groups-in-an-attempt-to-reverse-global-boycott-20131008/ Costa Concordia Cruise http://www.cruiselawnews.com/2012/01/articles/social-media-1/cruise-crisis-management-fail-how-carnival-is-ruining-its-reputation-following-the-costa-concordia-disaster/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16563562

The Changing Image of Women Position in Chinese Film Since 1950s Essay

The Changing Image of Women Position in Chinese Film Since 1950s Since 1950s, after the Chairman Mao Zedong’s Yanà ¡n conference, art and literature had strictly become tools of promoting the ideology of Communist Party, that is, the product of art and literature in China can be classified as highly popanganda. Chairman Mao Zedong and his Communist Party strongly suggested the equality of both genders - male and female. To promote Mao’s theory, certain kind of strong female character's image had been created in films since 1950s, and furthermore, the images of these female characters were changing during the time period. The common features of the female characters in Chinese film are usually being victimize, they always suffered under certain convention feudal rules, the effect of capitalism, the landlord, or fall victim to certain politics. And the films always targeted on how these female characters fight against those reasons of suffering, and creating tensions to the narrative because these confrontations. During the Cultural Revolution, a very popular female image had created, it is the White Hair Girl (Baimao Nà ¼) (1972) This female character image is a tough, strong and full of hatred to the feudal landlord who insulted her and her family. Her desire is very obvious -- to revenge. And finally, she ended up with a heroic image in the film with the help from Chairman Mao Zedong and his Communist Party. However, this film rarely announced the realistic of a female character, that is, despite the obsession hatred of White Hair Girl toward the landlord, and the joy of starting a new life with the Communist Party, audience can rarely feel the other kind of emotion from this female character, for example, the desire of to be loved, is absent in this film. Therefore, in the other hand, another question had been raisen: Do the White Hair Girl necessary to be a female character when she hasn’t shown any of the desire of female? In this film, White Hair Girl is not necessary to be a female, only the reason for it is , a victimized female is more easy to grip audience’s sympathy. And this also suggested the position of women as women itself is not important during that period. But obviously, this film is just purely a popanganda from the Communist Party during the Cultural Revolution - a model performance (geming yangbanxi) ... ...story. The conflict of old convention and the suffered women are only just part of the problems in China. However, from the popularity of The Yellow Earth and The Red Sorghum in China, we can knew that the problems that similar to the films are still existed quite often in the recent China. This suggested that although the position of women image in the recent film had being risen, but still there are many women and social problem remains in China today. Bibliography: McDougall, Bonnie S., The Yellow Earth, The Chinese Univrsity Press, Hong Kong, 1991 Ng, Yvonne, Imagery and Sound in Red Sorghum, 1996 Filmography Cheung, Yimou, Red Sorghum, (1987) Chen, Kaige, The Yellow Earth, (1984) The White Hair Girl (Baimao Nà ¼) (1972) Bibliography: McDougall, Bonnie S., The Yellow Earth, The Chinese Univrsity Press, Hong Kong, 1991 Ng, Yvonne, Imagery and Sound in Red Sorghum, http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/FINE/juhde/yvo951.htm, 1996 Filmography Cheung, Yimou, Red Sorghum, (1987) Chen, Kaige, The Yellow Earth, (1984) The White Hair Girl (Baimao Nà ¼) (1972)

Native Peoples in Canada Today -- Cultural Expression :: Essays Papers

Native Peoples in Canada Today -- Cultural Expression Greater political influence and Canada's official policy of multiculturalism have both contributed to a dramatic increase in the cultural activity of Native Canadians in the latter part of the twentieth century. Government sponsorship of the arts, with, in particular, its tendency to support the work of those from "ethnic minorities", has granted a degree of public exposure to artists who would otherwise have had great difficulty in getting it. This page only discusses First Nations literature written in English, although there is plenty going on in the other arts, and in Native languages. Natives who write in English and who are published by a mainstream publisher are inevitably participating in the public sphere of the settler culture, and this fact produces all kinds of interesting tensions in their work, because they are very often trying to recover some sort of sense of indigineity, trying to re-establish connections with traditional cultures whose remoteness or tenuousness is a function of the dominant culture with which they are engaging. The best of the writers recognise this as an inescapably problematic situation, and seek to use the contradiction as a source of creative energy. One of the commonest ways of exploring this is the attempt to bring traditional oral story telling features into the written literary format. This can be done through the inclusion of aural effects such as repetition, or through the inclus ion of traditional characters. One of the problems which Western critics and readers face when confronted by Native literature is that there is a danger when it comes to the application of Western norms of interpretation and evaluation. Native texts can often work in unfamiliar ways and serve unfamiliar purposes. Thus, a reader who is expecting a narrative progression and climax from a piece of prose may well be disappointed. What Native writers are very often trying to achieve with their writing is a kind of pictorial representation of a community, without the privileging of particular characters or events. These stories can often be interpreted more readily as an embodiment of Native values and cultural codes.

Legislations health and social care Essay

Health and safety: It’s important for everyone to be in a safe environment so they can do daily tasks without feeling scared and uncomfortable of something will happen to them for certain so that’s why in every health care setting the health and safety at work act 1974 has been introduced so they can safe guard vulnerable patients in their care. Providers in health care settings need to provide some of the following services to ensure that the service users and the employees themselves are safe when working for example: They need to provide and maintain safety when using equipment’s Provide a safe place of employment Ensure equipment is used safely, stored and delivered from one place to another. Provide a safe place to feel safe and welcomed at all times Look after the health and safety of others. Food standard regulation: The food standard regulation is one of the most important legislation in a health care setting because most hospitals, care homes, schools etc all serve food and it needs to be in a good standard for the service users to eat it without becoming violently ill for example poor hygiene can result to abnormality of different foods compared to the others which can make the person ill. For the service uses to eat without becoming ill this legislations helps guide the workers to do some of the following The controls include: Premises are clean and in a good state of repair Good drainage, lighting and ventilation Sufficient waste disposal facilities Toilet facilities for staff Equipment is in good condition and kept clean Also another guideline they should follow would be the temperature of the food needs to be monitored in order for the food to be served without any  complications and here is the temperature guideline for the foods being stored in specific places: It is an offence to allow food to be kept at temperatures that would cause a risk to health, so you must make sure foods that need temperature control are kept at the right temperature. Foods that need to be kept hot should be kept at 63 °C or above Foods that need to be kept cold should be kept at 8 °C or below (preferably at 5 °C or below) Foods that need to be kept frozen should be kept between -18 °C to -24 °C Manual handling regulations Manual handling regulations is a legislation that was introduced in 1992 for the safety of the people who handle equipment for example people who work in an industry will carry equipment’s and for that reason this legislation was introduced so the people can handle equipment safely without injuring themselves. It was found by a survey that 3 out of 5 people suffered a common injury known as musculoskeletal injury which caused many people to hurt themselves badly and some still haven’t recovered from it. This legislation avoids people lifting something that their body is unable to do, also avoids hazardous manual handling. This is what the employees follow: Use equipment safely according to instructions and training, immediately reporting any defects to their line manager/supervisors. Check each item of manual handling equipment is in safe working order before use

Contract and Invitation

1. Offer 1. Offer means a proposal by a person in which he makes his willingness to enter into a legally binding contract for some conside ¬ration. 2. An offer is made with the object of getting consent of the offeree. 3. An offer can be accepted by the offeree. 4. An offer when accepted becomes an agreement. Invitation to Offer 1. An Invitation to offer means an intention of a person to invite others with a view to enter into an agreement. 2. An invitation to offer on the other hand is made with . An invitation to offer cannot be accepted by the person to whom it is made. 4. An invitation to offer cannot be accepted at all. 2. An offer / proposal are necessarily for the formation of an agreement. Section 2(a) of Contracts Act 1950 said when person signifies to another his willingness to do / to abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to act / abstinence, he is said to make a proposal and invitation to treat means an invitation to make an offe r.A) There are many distinguishing between offer and invitation to treat. The first distinguishing is from meanings. Offer is an expression of willingness to contract on certain terms made with the intention that it shall become binding as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom it is addressed, the offeree. Invitation to treat different with offer it means an invitation to make an offer. An invitation to treat is not an offer, but an indication of a person's willingness to negotiate a contract.Based on the case: COELHO v. THE PUBLIC SERVICES COMMISSION[1964] M. L. J. 12 In this case, the applicant, a Health Inspector under the Town Board, Tanjong Malim, applied for the post of Assistant Passport Officer in the Federation of Malaya Government Oversea Missions advertised in the Malay Mail dated 19 February 1957. Consequently, the applicant was informed that he was accepted and, after undergoing training, he was posted to the Immigration Office,Kuala Lumpur, where he remained unt il December 1958 when he was transferred to the Immigration Office at Johor Bahru. On 5 November 1959, the Secretary to the Public Services Commission in a letter addressed to the applicant as ‘Assistant Passport Officer on Probation' informed him that, following a report from the Controller of Immigration concerning his conduct in the irregular issue of certain passports, disciplinary action was being taken against him with a view to his dismissal.The applicant made representation as invited by the said letter and, on 24 December 1959, the applicant was informed that the respondent had decided that he should not be dismissed but that his appointment on probation be terminated forthwith by payment of one month's salary in lieu of notice. The applicant now moved the court for an order of certiorari to quash the decision of the respondents on the grounds of error in law, want of jurisdiction, and failure to observe the principles of natural justice. An order of certiorari is an order of the court directing that something be done; in this case, the court order applied for was one directing that the decision of the respondents be overturned). It was held that: 1. That the Malay Mail advertisement was an invitation to qualified persons to apply and the resulting applications were offers. 2. The information conveyed to the applicant was an unqualified acceptance to join the overseas mission and he so understood it.B) Second distinction between offer and invitation to treat is an offer maybe made orally in writing or by conduct such as example of an offer made by conduct is where a customer in a supermarket chooses goods and hands them to the cashier, who then accepts the customer's offer to buy. Invitation to treat may made by displaying goods in shop windows, on shelves, advertisement, tender / auction or a statement of price. Based on the case of: PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN v. BOOTS CASH CHEMIST LTD[1953] 1 A11 ER 482. In this case the Defendant was being charged for failing to comply with one of the Great Britain Laws, i. . The Pharmacy and Poisons Act, 1933 which stated that it was illegal to sell specified poisons without under supervision by registered pharmacist. The Defendant operated self-service shop where a customer may select any goods, which were being display in the shop. When the customer has picked the goods, after that, the payment was to be made at the cashier's desk. At the cashier's desk, the operator of the shop can't stop the transaction since the display of goods as regarded as proposal and when the customer picked the goods as regarded as acceptance, therefore, the self-service shop failed to comply the above-said law.The self-service shop operated according to the above-said law display of goods only be regarded as invitation to treat and the customer was the one who made the proposal. Later on, at the cashier's desk a registered pharmacist supervised the transaction and was given authority to refuse the contract of sale, if violated any provisions in the above-said law. It was held that the Defendant was not made an illegal sale since display of goods only be regarded as invitation to treat and the customer was the one who made the proposal.Later on, at the cashier's desk a registered pharmacist supervised the transaction and was given authority to refuse the contract of sale, if violated any provisions in the above-said law. C) Another is an offer have a termination. There is based on counter-proposal, by using notice of revocation, lapse of time, by failure of acceptor to fulfill a condition precedent to acceptance and by the death of mental disorder of the proposer. For an invitation to treat there is no circumstances or conditions to termination a proposal. The termination of proposal is based on cased:MACON WORKS AND TRADING SDN BHD v. PHANG HON CHIN & ANOR[1976] 2 M. L. J. 177. In this case, the defendants gave an option to A her nominees to purchase a piece of land. The option was exercisable only after one LK showed no more interest in the land. The plaintiff's, A's nominee, exercised the option and claimed specific performance. The defendant resisted, contending inter alia, that the offer had already lapsed. It was held that where no time was fixed, an offer would lapse after the expiration of a reasonable time (section 47 of the Contracts Act 1950).What is reasonable is a question of fact depending on the actual circumstances of each case and the nature of the business. Failure to accept within a reasonable time implies rejection by the offeree. D) Otherwise, an invitation to treat is an action inviting other parties to make an offer to form a contract and it just a first step to negotiate, or indication of a person's willingness to negotiate a contract but an offer is a creates a binding contract, subject to compliance with the terms of the offer. It refers to the case:M & J FROZEN FOOD SDN. BHD & ANOR v. SILAND SDN BHD & ANOR[1994] 1 M. L. J. 303. In this case that Siland Sdn. Bhd (the first respondent) was the registered owner of a piece of land which it charged to the second appellant, Eu Finance Bhd. Due to a default on the part of the first respondent, the second appellant applied to the senior assistant registrar (the SAR) and obtained an order for sale of the property by public auction. M & J Frozen Food (the first appellant) was the highest bidder and was pronounced the purchaser of the property.The first appellant paid a 25% deposit of the total purchase price as provided under the conditions of sale, while the balance of purchase money was to be paid into court within 30 days from the date of sale. However, this was not done. It was held that the provisions of the National Land Code 1965 showed that the sale at this juncture (at the fall of hammer) had only be concluded in the sense that the goods would no longer be offered for a sale to prospective buyers and the successful bidder could not be permitted to ret ract his acceptance.Thereafter, each party to the contract of sale must perform his part of the obligation and until then no executed or actual sale had been concluded. Therefore a reference to a sale being concluded at the fall of the auctioneer's hammer could only refer to that stage of the transaction of sale when there was concluded an agreement between the vendor and the highest bidder, the former to sell and the latter to purchase the goods. E) In addition, statement of price is not necessarily an offer because offer only has a termination on proposal between invitations to treat; statement of price is necessarily in an invitation to treat.It referred to the case of: HARVEY v. FACEY[1893] AC 552. In the case that the plaintiff telegraphed to the defendant, ‘Will you sell us Bumper Hall Pen? ‘ ‘Telegraph lowest cash price'. Defendant telegraphed in reply ‘Lowest price for Bumper Hall Pen $900. The plaintiff then replied ‘We agree to buy Bumper Hall Pen for $900 asked by you. Please send your title deeds. No reply from the defendant. Plaintiff claimed that there was a contract between himself and the defendant. It was held that there was no contract. The second telegram was not an offer but in the nature of an invitation to treat.The final message could not be looked upon as an acceptance. F) Offer involved one party (unilateral) or more parties (bilateral). Bilateral contract is an agreement in which each of the parties to the contract make a promise or promise to the specific person and public at large. On the invitation to treat it only involve to the one party (unilateral). It means that only one party, make an offer but it depends to a person to form a contract. It based on case of: CARLILL v. CARBOLIC SMOKE BALL CO. LTD[1893] 1 QB 256.Facts of the case that the defendant made an advertisement in the newspaper where the defendant willing to pay 100. 00 Pounds to anyone who still suffering influenza after taking the medici ne according to the prescription sold by the defendant. On top that the defendant has deposited 1000. 00 Pounds in the special account in the Alliance Bank for the above-mentioned purposes. The plaintiff used the above-said medicine, unfortunately, she still suffering the influenza. Then, the plaintiff asked for the compensation that had been promised by the defendant in the newspaper.It was held that the plaintiff was entitled for the promise that amount 100. 00 Pounds made by the defendant since the defendant's advertisement being considered as proposal addressed to public at large and the plaintiff has accepted the proposal by purchased the medicine and used the medicine according to prescription. The defendant advertisement being considered as proposal because in the advertisement there was an element of willingness where the defendant has deposited money that amount 1000. 00 Pounds in special account in the Alliance Bank for the above said purposes.G) The offer must be communic ated to the offeree if the offeror want to revoke his or her proposal before it can be accepted and the offeror will bind to a legal after the acceptance but invitation to treat there is does not communicated before the acceptance and the invitation to treat can revoke anytime without mention to another party. It based on cased: BANQUE PARIBAS v. CITIBANK NA[1989] 1 M. L. J. 329, CA. In this case, a company, Selco Salvage Ltd, wrote a letter dated 14 October 1985, offering to sell to the respondents the salvage claims in respect of nine vessels.By a letter dated 31 October 1985, Selco offered to sell to the appellants salvage claims in respects of five vessels which were also part of the nine salvage claims offered for a sale in their 14 October 1985 letter to the respondents. The appellants accepted the offer and purchased those five salvage claims. Subsequently, on 7 November 1985, Selco again wrote to the respondents offering to sell their salvage claims in respect of four vessel s which were listed in the 14 October 1985 letter.They further stated in their letter that ‘ this letter will supersede our previous letter dated 14 October 1985'. The respondents accepted the offer and purchased the salvage claims regarding these four vessels. A dispute arose between the appellants and the respondents as to the ownership in respect of the five salvage claims and the respondents claimed that on 20 November 1985, they had purchased the five salvage claims without any notice of the appellant's prior purchase of them from Selco.The respondents agreed that although they purchased the salvage claims of four vessels on 7 November 1985, Selco's offer to sell the balance five salvage claims contained in the 14 October 1985 letter still remained open and available for acceptance by them, and that they finally accepted the offer on 20 November 1985. It was held that the 7 November 1985 letter written by Selco to the respondents contained the vital paragraph namely, â₠¬Ëœthis letter will supersede our previous letter dated 14 October 1985'.The only meaning one can give to this paragraph is that the 14 October letter had been replaced or substituted by the 7 November letter. The effect of that is any offer contained in the 14 October letter which had not been accepted had been withdrawn. Selco had, on 7 November 1985, in clear and unequivocal terms, withdrawn or cancelled the offer contained in the 14 October letter and henceforth there was no offer which remained upon and available for acceptance by the respondents on 20 November 1985 or any other date.Where the communication of acceptance is made by the acceptor through a course of transmission such as post, telegraph, telegram, then the communication of the acceptance is deemed complete as against the proposer, when it is put into a course of transmission to him, so as to be out the power of the acceptor. Read more: http://wiki. answers. com/Q/Difference_between_offer_and_invitation_to_offer_is #ixzz252JB0My1 3. As per the Halsbury's Laws of England. an offer is an expression by one person or group of persons, or by agents on his behalf, ade to another, of his willingness to be bound to a contract with that other on terms either certain or capable of being rendered certain. [Halsbury's Laws of England- Para. 632] An invitation to offer, on the other hand, may also be called an invitation to treat (as it is, under English Law) and merely indicates the interest of one party to enter into negotiations and is by no means supposed to form a binding contract. [Halsbury's Laws of England- Para. 633 4. Difference between AN OFFER and an INVITATION TO TREATAn invitation to treat is to be distinguished from an offer as it merely indicates a willingness to deal but does not display an intention to be bound. Broadly speaking, an invitation to treat is an action by one party which may appear to be a contractual offer but which is actually inviting others to make an offer whilst an offe r is an expression of willingness to contract on certain terms, made with the intention that it shall become binding as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom it is addressed, the â€Å"offeree†.The indication of willingness to enter into a contract may manifest itself in a variety of ways. The indication can be contained in a letter, a newspaper, a faxed document, an e-mail or it may even be inferred from someone’s behavior. An offer is something which must be done or refrained from being done which is accepted to become a contract. For example, you offer your car for sale for a price say for $9,000. 00, your offer to the world at large is $9,000. 0 consideration for your car. Your term is simply if you give me $9,000. 00 you can have my car. An invitation to treat simply means an invitation to make offers, so using the example above; if instead of the price you just said – â€Å"offers considered† that become an invitation to treat, then you are i n a position to accept or reject offers. It is important to distinguish between an offer and an invitation to treat.

Edgar Allen Poe’s Tribute

The poem â€Å"Annabel Lee† by Edgar Allen Poe is written to tell the story of the speaker's greatest love. The speaker and Annabel Lee loved each other with â€Å"a love that was more than love† until she fell ill and died (9). The speaker blames the angels for killing his darling and proves his love for her by attending her graveside every day for the rest of his life.One way the speaker demonstrates his love is by describing their home (the setting of the poem) as a â€Å"kingdom by the sea† (2). This means the speaker sees himself as royalty because the love he and Annabel Lee share makes him so incredibly wealthy and powerful. This power and wealth was so great, in fact, that â€Å"heaven coveted† the love about which Edgar Allen Poe wrote (10). The angels were jealous of this love being shared on earth, which was apparently more wonderful than anything they had experienced in heaven as angels. The use of the word â€Å"coveted† implies a darker meaning. This was not the simple jealousy of a teenage girl. The angels were committing a sin, breaking one of the commandments of their Divine Master by coveting the love between two of His children. Finally, the speaker's grief at her death further implies the depth and strength of their love. It is logical that the greater the love, the greater the grief; the inverse is also true: the greater the grief, the greater the love. Instead of merely being laid to rest in a coffin or a grave, death â€Å"shut her up in a sepulcher† there â€Å"by the sea† (19, 40). Sepulcher brings such dark connotations that we can almost see the speakershrouded in black after her death, mourning as deeply as the seanext to her tomb.Edgar Allen Poe contributed to the extremity of the poem by using a tone of reverence and pride. This is not some silly poem about puppy love. The love shared by Annabel Lee and the speaker was serious, and seems to be one we can only refer to with a sense of sobriety and admiration. In line 28, the speaker refers to his pride by comparing himself to those older and wiser, saying that hehad experienced a love that â€Å"was stronger by far† than anything those older and wiser had experienced. The